e-ISSN: 2618-6586 Open Access · Peer-Reviewed JETOL on DergiPark
JETOL — Journal of Educational Technology & Online Learning
Publisher
Gürhan Durak
Publication Model
Periodical (January – May – September)
Status
Open for Submissions

Designing a lesson plan based on the 5E model: Flipped classroom practices for hybrid art education using Blender 3D

Research Article

Download PDF DOI: 10.31681/jetol.1826811
Published in
Volume 9, Issue 2 (2026)
Pages
214–237
Publication Date
May 31, 2026
Submission Date
November 19, 2025
Acceptance Date
February 16, 2026
Subjects
Instructional Design, Instructional Technologies

Abstract

This study aims to develop student-centered lesson plans that integrate the 5E learning model and flipped classroom strategies in the context of 3D modeling instruction using Blender 3D. The lesson plans were structured in accordance with the ADDIE instructional design model and implemented through an eight-week pilot study at the Faculty of Fine Arts in a public university in Turkey. During the implementation process, field notes taken by the instructor were analyzed as qualitative data to evaluate student engagement, technical challenges, and the effectiveness of instructional strategies. The findings indicate that video-supported pre-learning enhanced the success of practical applications, the flipped classroom strategy was particularly effective in assessment tasks, and the “Explore,” “Elaborate,” and “Evaluate” phases of the 5E model emerged as the most prominent. The results suggest that the proposed hybrid model facilitates the use of 3D tools in visual arts education and supports student motivation.

Keywords

  • ADDIE model
  • 5E learning model
  • lesson plan development
  • Blender 3D
  • hybrid learning environment
  • flipped learning
References (70)
  1. Abuhassna, H., Alnawajha, S., Awae, F., Adnan, M. A. B. M., & Edwards, B. I. (2024). Synthesizing technology integration within the Addie model for instructional design: A comprehensive systematic literature review. Journal of Autonomous Intelligence, 7(5), 1-28.
  2. Akçayır, G., & Akçayır, M. (2018). The flipped classroom: A review of its advantages and challenges. Computers & Education, 126, 334–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.07.021
  3. Aslan, M.,& Erbenzer, E. (2023). Development of teachers' digital instructional material development self-efficacy perceptions scale. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Journal of Faculty of Education, 10(2), 226–237. https://doi.org/10.21666/muefd.1173260
  4. Balıkçı, H. C. (2015). Evaluation of the success of the lectures prepared with "Flipped Classroom" model and students' opinion [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Afyon Kocatepe University.
  5. Bergmann, J., & Sams, A. (2012). Before you flip, consider this. Phi Delta Kappan, 94(2), 25-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/003172171209400206
  6. Bishop, J. L., & Verleger, M. A. (2013). The flipped classroom: A survey of the research. In H. Schmidt, S. Zimmermann, & H. Doumoto (Eds.), Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition (pp. 32–40). Atlanta, GA. https://peer.asee.org/22585
  7. Blender Foundation. (2025). Blender manual (latest version). Blender Documentation. https://docs.blender.org/manual/en/latest/
  8. Branch, R. M. (2009). Instructional design: The ADDIE approach. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09506-6
  9. Brown, D., & Warschauer, M. (2006). From the university to the elementary classroom: Students’ experiences in learning to integrate technology in instruction. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 14(3), 599–621. https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/5996/
  10. Bufasi, E., Lin, T. J., Benedicic, U., Westerhof, M., Mishra, R., Namsone, D., ... & Buckley, J. (2024, March). Addressing the complexity of spatial teaching: a narrative review of barriers and enablers. In Frontiers in education (Vol. 9, p. 1306189). Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1306189
  11. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma deseni, SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum [Handbook of data analysis for the social sciences: Statistics, research design, SPSS applications, and interpretation]. Pegem Acedemy. https://pegem.net/urun/Sosyal-Bilimler-icin-Veri-Analizi-El-Kitabi-Istatistik-Arastirma-Deseni-SPSS-Uygulamalari-ve-Yorum-61926
  12. Bybee, R. W. (2015). The BSCS 5E instructional model: Creating teachable moments. NSTA Press. https://my.nsta.org/resource/100197
  13. Bybee, R. W., Taylor, J. A., Gardner, A., Van Scotter, P., Carlson Powell, J., Westbrook, A., & Landes, N. (2006). The BSCS 5E instructional model: Origins, effectiveness, and applications. BSCS. https://fremonths.org/ourpages/auto/2008/5/11/1210522036057/bscs5efullreport2006.pdf
  14. Cilli-Turner, E. (2015). Measuring learning outcomes and attitudes in a flipped introductory statistics course. PRIMUS, 25(9–10), 833–846. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511970.2015.1046004
  15. Çelik, H., Baykal, N. B., & Memur, H. N. K. (2020). Qualitative data analysis and fundamental principles. Journal of Qualitative Research in Education – JOQRE, 8(1), 379-406. https://doi.org/10.14689/issn.2148-2624.1.8c.1s.16m
  16. Çepni, S. (2012). Araştırma ve proje çalışmalarına giriş [Introduction to research and project work] (6th edition). Celepler Printing.
  17. Çivril, H., & Aruğaslan, E. (2024). Bibliometric analysis of open and distance learning research in Türkiye: WoS articles (2020-2024). Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 7(4 - ICETOL 2024 Special Issue), 502-520. https://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.1576327
  18. Davis, A. L. (2013). Using instructional design principles to develop effective information literacy instruction: The ADDIE model. College & Research Libraries News, 74(4), 205–207. https://doi.org/10.5860/crln.74.4.8934
  19. Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O. (2015). The systematic design of instruction (8th ed.). Pearson. https://books.google.com.tr/books/about/The_Systematic_Design_of_Instruction.html?id=2D07zgEACAAJ&redir_esc=y
  20. Enfield, J. (2013). Looking at the impact of the flipped classroom model of instruction on undergraduate multimedia students at CSUN. TechTrends, 57(6), 14-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-013-0698-1
  21. Ergin, Kanlı & Tan (2007). To examine the effects of 5e model on the students’ academic success in physics education. Journal of Gazi Faculty of Education (JoGEF), 27(2), 191–209. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/77161
  22. Erişti, S. D. B., & Freedman, K. (2024). Integrating digital technologies and ai in art education: Pedagogical competencies and the evolution of digital visual culture. Participatory Educational Research, 11(Prof. Dr. H. Ferhan Odabaşı Gift Issue), 57-79. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.24.94.11.6Forsström, S., Njå, M., Munthe, E., Houldsworth, L., & Álvarez-Galván, J. L. (2025). Key findings and integration strategies on the impact of digital technologies on students’ learning: Results from a literature review. OECD Education Working Papers. https://doi.org/10.1787/ab309c32-en
  23. Fu, Y., Zhang, D., & Jiang, H. (2022). Students’ attitudes and competences in modeling using 3D cartoon toy design maker. Sustainability, 14(4), 2176. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042176
  24. Gezer, B., & Oruç, Ş. (2022). Examination of lesson plans prepared by social studies teachers according to the 5 model. Türkiye Education Journal, 7(2), 528-561. https://doi.org/10.54979/turkegitimdergisi.1206039
  25. Gök, A., & Karamete, A. (2025). Designing a mathematical modeling activity for students with mild intellectual disabilities: Google maps example. Milli Egitim Journal, 54(246), 959-996. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.1605632
  26. Hodell, C. (2015). ISD from the ground up: A no-nonsense approach to instructional design (4th ed.). Alexandria, VA: ASTD Press. https://archive.org/details/isdfromgroundupn04edhode
  27. Horváthová, D., Voštinár, P., & Mitter, M. (2023). Using Blender 3D for learning virtual and mixed reality. Proceedings of the International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia. 10.21125/iceri.2019.2254
  28. Jonassen, D. H., & Rohrer-Murphy, L. (1999). Activity theory as a framework for designing constructivist learning environments. Educational technology research and development, 47(1), 61-79. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02299477
  29. Karaca, C., & Ocak, M. A. (2017). Effect of flipped learning on cognitive load: A higher education research. Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age, 2(1), 20-27.
  30. Karplus, R., & Thier, H. D. (1967). A new look at elementary school science: Science curriculum improvement study. (No Title).
  31. Kirschner, P. A., Wubbels, T., & Brekelmans, M. (2009). Teacher learning and professional development. In P. A. Kirschner (Ed.), How teachers learn (pp. 1–20). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9827-7_1
  32. Koçak Usluel, Y., Özmen, B., & Çelen, F. (2015). Integration of ICT in learning and teaching process and a critical overview of TPACK model. The Journal of Educational Technology Theory and Practice (ETTP), 5(1), 34-54. https://doi.org/10.17943/etku.14356
  33. Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage publications.
  34. Lage, M. J., Platt, G. J., & Treglia, M. (2000). Inverting the classroom: A gateway to creating an inclusive learning environment. Journal of Economic Education, 31(1), 30–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220480009596759
  35. Lim, C. P., Chai, C. S., & Churchill, D. (2010). Leading ICT in education practices: A capacity-building toolkit for teacher education institutions in the Asia-Pacific. Microsoft Partners-in-Learning (Asia-Pacific).https://www.academia.edu/222027/Lim_C_P_Chai_C_S_and_Churchill_D_2010_Leading_ICT_in_Education_Practices_A_Capacity_Building_Toolkit_for_Teacher_Education_Institutions_in_the_Asia_Pacific_Singapore_Microsoft
  36. Liu, Y., & Fan, L. (2023, March). Research on Hybrid Teaching of Curriculums. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Culture, Design and Social Development (CDSD 2022) (Vol. 739, p. 220). Springer Nature.
  37. Melgarejo, T. F. V., Matos Atanacio, L. M., Carbajal, A. I., Liz, L., Bernaldo, K. F., Cárdenas Rivarola, M. M., & Álvarez López, J. R. (2024). The 5E instructional model in the meaningful learning of science and technology. Frontiers in Education, 9, Article 1435530. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1435530
  38. Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass. https://archive.org/details/qualitativeresea0000merr_n9z8/page/n7/mode/2up
  39. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage.
  40. Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge: A Framework for Teacher Knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017-1054. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00684.x
  41. Molenda, M. (2003). In search of the elusive ADDIE model. Performance Improvement, 42(5), 34–37. https://doi.org/10.1002/pfi.4930420508
  42. Morrison, M. (2015). The ADDIE instructional design model #HRBlog. RapidBI. https://rapidbi.com/the-addie-instructional-design-model-hrblog/
  43. Noraslı, M. (2024). Design process management in design education through the ADDIE model. Journal of Art & Design, 14(2), 49-68. https://doi.org/10.20488/sanattasarim.1602349
  44. Palta Benek, H., & Çirkinoğlu Şekercioğlu, A. G. (2023). Online activity practices based on common knowledge constructing model: Example of radioactivity topic. Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 6(4), 1109-1127. https://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.1353694
  45. Pan, X. Visual Arts Education and the Development of Students’ Creative Thinking in the Digital Ag.
  46. Park, Y., & Jo, I. (2023). Instructional design with ADDIE and rapid prototyping for blended learning. Korean Journal of Medical Education, 35(4), 385–395. https://doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2023.244
  47. Parlak, N. C., & Kinay, İ. (2024). Evaluation of Students’ Participation in the 5E-Based Flipped Classroom Approach. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(1), 106-129.
  48. Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (4th ed.). Sage Publications. https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/qualitative-research-evaluation-methods/book232962
  49. Peterson, C. (2003). Bringing ADDIE to life: Instructional design at its best. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 12(3), 227–241. https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/2074/
  50. Polanin, J. R., Austin, M., Taylor, J. A., Steingut, R. R., Rodgers, M. A., & Williams, R. (2024). Effects of the 5E Instructional Model: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. AERA Open, 10. https://doi.org/10.1177/23328584241269866
  51. Polly, D., Mims, C., Shepherd, C., & Inan, F. (2010). Evidence of impact: Transforming teacher education with preparing tomorrow’s teachers to teach with technology. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(4), 863–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.10.023
  52. Porat, R., & Ceobanu, C. (2024). Enhancing spatial ability: A new integrated hybrid training approach for engineering and architecture students. Education Sciences, 14(6), 563. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14060563
  53. Richey, R.C., & Klein, J.D. (2007). Design and Development Research: Methods, Strategies, and Issues (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203826034
  54. Sakin, H. (2018). Fine arts higs school three-dimensional art with 5E model workshop course practices: Action research. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Bursa Uludağ University.
  55. Sari, R.C., Pranesti, A., Solikhatun, I. et al. Cognitive overload in immersive virtual reality in education: More presence but less learnt?. Educ Inf Technol 29, 12887–12909 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12379-z
  56. Schallert, S., Lavicza, Z., & Vandervieren, E. (2022). Merging flipped classroom approaches with the 5E inquiry model: a design heuristic. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 53(6), 1528-1545.
  57. Schreier, M. (2012). Qualitative content analysis in practice.
  58. Szabo, D.-A. (2022). Adapting the ADDIE instructional design model in online education. Studia Psychologica, 67(1), 126-140. https://doi.org/10.24193/subbpsyped.2022.1.08
  59. Talan, T., & Gülseçen, S. (2019). The effect of a flipped classroom on students’ achievements, academic engagement and satisfaction levels. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 20(4), 31–60. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.640503
  60. Tamim, R. M., Bernard, R. M., Borokhovski, E., Abrami, P. C., & Schmid, R. F. (2011). What forty years of research says about the impact of technology on learning: A second-order meta-analysis and validation study. Review of Educational research, 81(1), 4-28. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654310393361
  61. Tanner, K. D. (2010). Order matters: Using the 5E model to align teaching with how people learn. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 9(3), 159–164. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.10-06-0082
  62. Tutar, H. (2022). Validity and reliability in qualitative research: A model proposal. Anadolu University Journal of Social Science, 22(Special issue 2), 117–140.https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2864459
  63. Ulaş, A. H., Sevim, O., & Tan, E. (2012). The effect of worksheets based upon 5e learning cycle model on student success in teaching of adjectives as grammatical components. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 31, 391-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.12.072
  64. UNESCO. (2023). Technology in education: A global perspective. UNESCO Publishing. https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en/publication/technology
  65. Urfa, M. (2018). Flipped classroom model and practical suggestions. Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 1(1), 47-59. https://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.378607
  66. Uslu, F., & Demir, E. (2023). A qualitative data collection technique: In-depth interview. Hacettepe University Journal of Faculty of Letters, 40(2), 289–299. https://doi.org/10.32600/huefd.1184085
  67. van Gumster, J. (2020). Blender for dummies. John Wiley & Sons. https://books.google.com.tr/books/about/Blender_For_Dummies.html?id=gHDJDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y
  68. Vijayakumar S., Tamil Arasan P., & Venkateswara U. (2023). Efficacy of ADDIE-Integrated Flipped Learning Model: An Intervention Study. International Journal of E-Adoption (IJEA), 15(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJEA.316536
  69. Wang, F., Hannafin, M.J. Design-based research and technology-enhanced learning environments. ETR&D 53, 5–23 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02504682
  70. Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri [Qualitative Research Methods in Social Sciences] (11th edition). Seçkin Publishing.

This article is published under the CC BY 4.0 license.